Emulsion adhesive

Emulsion adhesive, emulsion glue is a cold setting is adhesive consisting of an emulsion of synthetic polymer in a liquid carrier, which dries by evaporation so that the droplets coalesce.

Application:

• Furniture, woodworking, decorated plywood
• decorated plywood, compositemembers and panels

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Cyanocrylates or super glue

Cyanocrylates or super glue are a family of strong fast-acting adhesives. These have short shelf life if not used, about 1 year from manufacture if unopened, one month once opened.
Thin super glue has application in woodworking. it can be used as a fast-drying, glossy finish.
WARNING: They have minor toxicity.

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Contact adhesive

Contact adhesive is an adhesive applied in liquid form to surfaces to be joined, then allowed to partially dry before components are pressed together, resulting in instantaneous adhesion.
These are used for strong bonding wih shear- resistance like laminates to a wood or plywood.

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Cold curing adhesive

Cold curing adhesive is any adhesive that sets without the application of heat. Generally epoxy based cold curing adhesive are available.

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Cellulose adhesive

Cellulose adhesive is any adhesive such as wallpaper paste, which contains cellulose.
It is also used for fixing delicate pieces of art as well as in conversation of book from loosening and clean off old glue from spines and bookboards.

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Cassava

Cassava is a starch glue made from tapioca, the starch flour obtained from the tuberous root of the tropical cassava plants (Manihot esculenta, Manihot dulce).

                     

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Casein glue

Casein glue a glue made from casein (a phosphorous protein found in the milk of mammals; used in glues and paints.), more water resistant than fish or animal glue. It has a drying time that allows enough time for piece to be positioned accurately.

casein glue preparation

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Brushing adhesive

Brushing adhesive is any types of adhesive which can be applied in liquid form with a brush.

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Bituminous adhesive

Bituminous adhesive is any adhesive based on bitumen or coal tar used for bonding sheet materials such as roofing felt and linoleum.
Hot melted Bituminous adhesive permanently bonds makers and delineators to pavement.

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Water based adhesive

Water borne adhesive or aqueous adhesive or water-based adhesive is any adhesive whose binder
is dissolved or dispersed in water.
Water based adhesive have less or no VOC ( volatile organic compound).
water based adhesive are best for use with at-least one porous substrate such as paper , cardboard or wood because of their absorption or evaporation requirement.

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Animal glue

Animal glue is a glue made from collagen, a protein released by boiling the bones, hides and muscles of animals.
It is also called bone glue or hide glue.
Animal glue was most common woodworking glue for thousands of years until the advent of syntetic glues such as polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and other resin glues in the 20th century.
Glass artists use hide glue to bond glass. As the glue hardens it shrinks , chipping the glass.

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Anaerobic adhesive

Anaerobic adhesive is an adhesive which sets by polymerization in the absence of oxygen.
They work by completely filling gap between metal components. Using an anaerobic adhesive prevents loosening by vibrations and also protects joint from corrosion or rust that can be caused by moisture.

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Albumen glue

This type of glue are made of serum albumen, a blood component that is obtainable from either dried soluble blood powder (to which water is added) or fresh animal blood.
Addition of alkali to albumen-water mixture improves adhesive property.
A considerable quantity of glue products from blood is used by plywood industry.

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Spray adhesive, aerosol glue

Spray adhesive, aerosol glue is an adhesive stored in a pressurized can and applied by spraying.

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AGENT AND ADMIXTURE

Agent is a material or substance used for its effect on another material or process;
in concreting it is often called an admixture;

Types of agent are listed below.
air-detraining agent, (air-detraining admixture.)
air-entraining agent, (air-entraining admixture.)
alkaline cleaning agent.
binding agent, (binder.)
bonding agent.
cleaning agent.
colouring agent, (colourant.)
emulsifying agent, (emulsifier.)
flocculating agent, (flocculating admixture.)
foaming agent.
polishing agent, (polish.)
release agent.
retarding agent, (retarder.)
surface-acting agent.
suspension agent, (thickening admixture , thickening agent)


Admixture is a material added in small quantities to affect the properties of a concrete or mortar mix.
Types of admixture are listed below
accelerating admixture, (set accelerating admixture, strength accelerating admixture.)
air-detraining admixture.
air-entraining admixture.
anti-foaming admixture.
antifreezing admixture.
bonding admixture.
colouring admixture.
corrosion inhibiting admixture.
expansion producing admixture.
flocculating admixture.
foam forming admixture.
fungicidal admixture.
gas forming admixture.
high range water-reducing admixture, (superplasticizing admixture.)
mortar admixture.
permeability-reducing admixture, (pore filler.)
plasticizing admixture.
set accelerating admixture.
set retarding admixture.
strength accelerating admixture.
superplasticizing admixture.
thickening admixture.
water-reducing admixture.
water-resisting admixture.
waterproofing admixture, (water-resisting admixture.)

ADHESIVES

ADHESIVE is a sticky solid or liquid bonding substance used for the firm sticking, surface joining and holding together of materials and components;
The words adhesive and glue are generally synonymous, although adhesive is often applied to more technologically advanced products, while glues are often of plant or animal origin.
A cement is an inorganic adhesive which sets in hard, brittle form.

Types of adhesive are listed below.

aerosol glue, (spray adhesive).
albumen glue.
anaerobic adhesive.
animal glue. (bone glue, hide glue.collagen glue)
aqueous adhesive, (water-borne adhesive,water-based adhesive.)
bituminous adhesive.
brushing adhesive.
casein glue.
cassava.
cellulose adhesive.
cold curing adhesive. (cold glue, cold setting adhesive)
contact adhesive.
cyanoacrylate adhesive (super glue).
emulsion glue, (emulsion adhesive.)
epoxide resin adhesive, (epoxy resin adhesive , epoxy adhesive, epoxy glue )
film adhesive, (film glue.)
fish glue.
gluten glue.
gun applied adhesive.(gunnable adhesive)
hot-melt adhesive,  (thermoplastic adhesive , hot-melt glue, hot setting adhesive, hot setting glue)
interior adhesive.
isinglass, (fish glue.)
melamine formaldehyde glue.
moisture curing adhesive.
moisture resistant adhesive.
one-way stick adhesive.
phenol formaldehyde glue.
polymer adhesive,( polymerizing adhesive,polymer glue)
protein glue.
6 acrylic stoving enamel
PVA glue, (polyvinyl acetate glue.)
resin adhesive, (synthetic resin adhesives.)
resin glue.
resorcinol formaldehyde glue.
rubber adhesive, (elastomeric adhesive , rubber glue , rubber solution.)
Scotch glue.

single spread adhesive, (one-way stick adhesive.)
solvent adhesive.
solvent-based adhesive, (solvent-borne adhesive.)
soya glue.
spray adhesive.
starch adhesive.
structural adhesive.
synthetic resin adhesive.
synthetic rubber glue, (elastomeric adhesive.)
thermoplastic adhesive. (thermoplastic glue)
thermosetting adhesive.
two pack adhesive, (two component adhesive, two part adhesive. two-way stick adhesive.)
urea formaldehyde glue.
vegetable glue.
waterproof glue, (water-resistant adhesive , waterproof adhesive)

wood glue,(wood adhesive.)


RELATED TERMS:

adhesion bond;

the action of sticking together; the strength of the attractive or fastening force evolve between a surface material or coating and its backing, or between two components which have been glued or bonded together.

adhesive failure, bond failure;

the failure of a glued joint due to a reduction in bonding between a glue or binder and glued parts. adhesiveness the ability of a glue to provide a bond between two surfaces. 

adhesive tape

paper or plastics tape with adhesive on one or both sides and manufactured in rolls; used for fastening, fixing, masking, insulating etc.

EXAMPLES OF CONCEPTS

After following the steps at the concept article you may reach to a place where you have a lot that you want from your design but may not know how to convert it to architecture.
Or simply wondering to see examples of what design concept is actually.
Lets see some examples from some famous architects.

FALLING WATER HOUSE
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT wanted to create a building that would be an accompaniment to the music of the stream.  He wanted them to live with the waterfalls, to make them part of their everyday life, and not just to look at them now and then.

And this is what he reached by his this concept

THE DANISH PAVILION

Through Danish Pavilion, Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) wanted to exhibit not only the Danish virtues, but, through interaction , to give the visitors an experience of some of the best attractions of Copenhagen: the city bike, the harbor bath , the nature play ground and an ecological picnic. The bike is a vernacular means of transportation and is a national symbol common to Denmark and China.

And this was their form evolved:

BERGISEL SKI JUMP 2002

"The ski Jump is a concise piece of functional design, an instrument for high performance sport, shaped with mathematical precision. The challenge here was to intergrate a new, initially alien element into a given formula : The Cafe and sundeck. The assemblage of elements was resolved in the manner of nature , developing a seamless hybrid, where parts are smoothly articulated and fused into a organic unity. The result is a rather unusual silhouette on Bergisel."

                                                                                                       ZAHA HADID 

 



ARCHITECTURE IS A CONTINUOUS LEARNING PROCESS... KEEP SEEING WORKS OF ARCHITECTS , ONE WILL ALWAYS LEARN SOMETHING FROM EVERY DESIGN. EVERY DESIGN IS A NEW EXPERIENCE IN ITSELF - FEEL IT.
THERE ARE MANY WORKS AVAILABLE ALL YOU NEED IS THE WISH TO SEE.

THE CONCEPT

CONCEPT - The " EUREKA" moment in any design process.

 The moment when architect gets in full energy to proceed with design.

The moment of that basic idea around which your design revolves.

Concept is evolved.

Concept is the raw idea that describes your design.

Concept is what distinguishes each building from other.

Concept is the feeling that a building will provide its occupants.

Concept can be inspiration as well as evolution of form.

Concept can be design objective as well as solution to challenges.

Concept can be sketch as well as formulated sentences as well as a word.

Concept can be biomimcry as well as genre of architecture.

Concept can be solving problems as well as hypothetical imagination.

Concept can be design principles as well as breaking of rules.

A concept is definition to your design.

Concept comes with great understanding of client, site and any other prominent feature that may affect our design.

If we consider a building as a living entity then concept is the soul of it.

Concept is endless, far to beyond to express in definitions.

With each architect you meet you will find a new understanding of concept.

Then how to come up with concepts being an budding architect???

Understanding of concept comes with seeing different works of architects.

It comes with imagination and knowledge of possibilities.

It comes with thinking.

We actually want to clear our mind from hidden assumptions we may make about any project before even starting it.

To suggest a start-up I would suggest a few steps-

1. ASK YOURSELF QUESTIONS:

Sit with a peaceful mind whose ready for the project. Start thinking about the project. One may start with a simple sentence by client like " Design a cultural center in Dubai" and break it down into key aspects. Ask yourself what the project means:

       a. WHAT kind of project is it, according to the client, according to the users, according to the site, according to the climatic zone of site? What do you want from this project?

       b. WHO are the users? What kind of people are they?Are they from same genres of life? Are they using space from same use? What cultural factors should one incorporate in this design? Who are you, and how do your temperament, personality and interests impact on this project?

      c. WHERE will the project be located? What meaning does the site give to the project? Think about geography , climate , imagery , context , local attitudes, site surrounding , site topography etc.

      d. WHEN will the project be occupied ? Daytime or Nighttime use?

Winters or Summers or both? How will the use differ?

      e. WHY is project being built? What is the nature of the demand, and why now?Why client needs this project?

      f. HOW much? How much luxurious or economical? How will it be used? How is this design different the your previous design projects? How are the proposed program, site, or users different from those you've experienced in past.

     g. WHICH experience you want to bring in by this project? Which feeling would you like to feel if you were the client yourself.

2. BRAINSTORM ANSWERS:

    Note down answers to these questions on paper as fast as they enter your brain. Continue working until you feel that you've addressed all the issues. You may want to refer client on their particular needs. 

3. GET PERSPECTIVE:

    Walk away from your work for  a few minutes to clear the thoughts from your mind. Have a cup of tea or coffee, go for a short walk, listen to music or anything you would like to do to ease your mind , but don't think about what you just wrote down (Difficult but necessary).

4. EXTRACT THE ESSENCE:

     Come back to what you had written, and now re-read it, encircling or underlining or highlighting the key words only. Key words are the ones that define the essence of what you had been thinking. Out of an entire page of writing, you may select only 5 or 10 words. These words are your basis to your further design.

5. COMPILE:

    Read over and over the words you just highlighted. They represent the distillation, at this early stage of design, of what you know to be true about the project. Compile the highlighted words into a concise statement describing the Core Premise of the project. A typical statement might contain three to eight primary points of two or three words each, each point addressing different aspects of the project. This preliminary statement, which will be fine-tuned as you explore the project further. It will evolve into a " core of assumptions" which will support all further development. One may further want to examine each core premise by applying the same above steps to each component of the premise. 

   

  Example: If your Core Premise states, in part, that it is intended "for adolescent student users", you might ask:

a.   Who are adolescents? What are their needs? What are their values? How do their perceptions differ from my own? What aspects do I want to focus on?

b.   What are students? What are their needs? What activities do they partake in? With whom do they interact? Do I need to also design for those with whom they interact? Who supervise them? What are the needs of the supervisors? What types of support do the supervisors need.

6. THINK OF CONCLUSIONS:

      Look at all the conclusions you've generated from your Premise Development. Are they all compatible with each other? Do any of your conclusions need to be modified in order to be consistent with any of your other conclusions? Do you see any patterns emerging? Anything that begins to suggest itself as a point of departure for your Design Concept?

7. EXPERIENCE THE SPACE YOU WANT TO CREATE:

 This is the first time that you get to have input on the project's eventual outcome. What do you think about the program? What do you see as its most important elements? How about the least important? Where do you think the most aesthetic emphasis should be placed? Use the perspective you gained from the Premise work. Write these ideas down also, so that you have, in effect, an annotated program.

8. SKETCH AND ELABORATE:

     Now, and only now, are you ready to start thinking about Design Concepts.

There is a story about Frank Lloyd Wright and Falling Water. It seems that for six months after the first client consultations Wright did no drawing; he only thought about the project. It wasn't until Mr. Kaufman announced that he would be dropping by Mr. Wright's office that the architect began with paper and pencil. The few hours he had while awaiting the client was sufficient to draw what was to become the approved design, since so much time had been spent thinking about the problem.

The Design Concept summarizes the graphic seed of the project. Take another look at your Core Premise and your Developed Premise. Ask yourself what design "devices", what "parti" might address the issues in manifest in this project? What metaphor, or overriding image, will guide your attitudes toward massing, detail development, facade design and materials selection? The image you decide on should reflect your own personal view of the project. You may try several different Design Concepts before you decide on which one will guide your design work.

Try out this technique as outlined, but feel free to modify it thereafter to work best with your own temperament. 

WHAT ARCHITECTS SAY ABOUT ARCHITECTURE?

A - ALVAR AALTO
     Building art is a synthesis of life in materialized form. We should try to bring in under the same hat not a splintered way of thinking, but all in harmony together.

B - BUCKMINSTER FULLER
     We are called to be architects of the future, not its victims.

C - CHRISITIAN DE PORTZAMPARC
     When I am true to my inspiration, even fight for my design, the project always turns out well.

D - DAVID CHIPPERFIELD
     The difference between good and bad architecture is the time you spend on it.

E - EDWIN LUTYENS
     There will never be great architects or great architecture without great patrons.

F - FRANK GEHRY
     Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness.

G - GREG LYNN
     It's most satisfying to have an effect on the public realm- deep down I think it's what every architect wants to do.

H - HARRY SEIDLER
     Architecture is not an inspirational business, it's a rational procedure to do sensible and hopefully beautiful things ; that's all.

I - INGELS (BJARKE)
     For me, architecture is the means, not the end. It's a means of making different life forms possible.

J - JOHN PORTMAN
     Buildings should serve people, not the other way around.

K - KENZO TANGE
     Designs of purely arbitrary nature cannot be expected to last long.

L - LOUIS KAHN
     A great building must begin with the unmeasurable, must go through measurable means when it is being designed and in the end must be unmeasurable.

M - MINORU YAMASAKI
     In other words, each piece of the building must look as though it was designed for that particular building.

N - NORMAN FOSTER
     As an architect, you design for the present, with an awareness of the past, for a future which is essentially unknown.

O - OSCAR NIEMEYER
     Architecture is invention.

P - PHILIP JOHNSON
     All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or stimulates the persons in that space.

Q - QUARENGHI
     Architect always finds inspiration. I found mine in Vicenzo Brenna.

R - ROBERT A. M. STERN
     The dialogue between client and architect is about as intimate as any conversation you can have, because when you are talking about building a house, you are talking about dreams.

S - STEVEN HOLL
     I think architecture, to be really intense and fulfilling, doesn't have to be large.

T - TADAO ANDO
     I believe that the way people live can be directed a little by architecture.

U - UTZON
     If it grows naturally, the architecture will look after itself.

V - VITRUVIUS
     Nothing requires the architect's care more than the due proportions of buildings.

W- WILLIAM WURSTER
     Architecture is the picture frame, not the picture.

X - XENAKIS
     Architecture lead me to be musician. It identified the artist in me.

Y - YOSHIO TANIGUCHI
     Architecture is basically a container of something. I hope they will enjoy not so much the tea cup, but the tea.

Z - ZAHA HADID
     I don't think that architecture is only about shelter, is only about a very simply enclosure. It should be able to excite you, to calm you, to make you think.

A TO Z OF ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

• A - Arrange the construction
• B - Budget and costing
• C - Calculate loads and reinforcement
• D - DESIGN THE BUILDING
• E - Explore for motivation
• F - Find new technologies
• G - Generate comfortable surroundings
• H - Help environment safety
• I - Interpret the situation
• J - Justify the need
• K - Know the facts
• L - Landscape and beautify
• M - Manage the construction
• N - Nurture the project
• O - Observe the surroundings
• P - Plan the activities
• Q - Quantify the materials
• R - Render for aesthetics
• S - Survey the site
• T - Think of possibilities
• U - Understand the client
• V - Visualize the future
• W - Workout the design
• X - Xerox with brain
• Y - Yield new possibilities
• Z -  Zest for life